The effects of L1 orthography on processing an artificial logographic script

To date, studies have focused on the acquisition of alphabetic second languages (L2s) in alphabetic first language (L1) users, demonstrating significant transfer effects. The present study examined the process from a reverse perspective, comparing logographic (Mandarin-Chinese) and alphabetic (English) L1 users in the acquisition of an artificial logographic script, in order to determine whether similar language-specific advantageous transfer effects occurred. English monolinguals, English-French bilinguals and Chinese-English bilinguals learned a small set of symbols in an artificial logographic script and were subsequently tested on their ability to process this script in regard to three main perspectives: L2 reading, L2 working memory (WM), and inner processing strategies. In terms of L2 reading, a lexical decision task on the artificial symbols revealed markedly faster response times in the Chinese-English bilinguals, indicating a logographic transfer effect suggestive of a visual processing advantage. A syntactic decision task evaluated the degree to which the new language was mastered beyond the single word level. No L1-specific transfer effects were found for artificial language strings. In order to investigate visual processing of the artificial logographs further, a series of WM experiments were conducted. Artificial logographs were recalled under concurrent auditory and visuo-spatial suppression conditions to disrupt phonological and visual processing, respectively. No L1-specific transfer effects were found, indicating no visual processing advantage of the Chinese-English bilinguals. However, a bilingual processing advantage was found indicative of a superior ability to control executive functions. In terms of L1 WM, the Chinese-English bilinguals outperformed the alphabetic L1 users when processing L1 words, indicating a language experience-specific advantage. Questionnaire data on the cognitive strategies that were deployed during the acquisition and processing of the artificial logographic script revealed that the Chinese-English bilinguals rated their inner speech as lower than the alphabetic L1 users, suggesting that they were transferring their phonological processing skill set to the acquisition and use of an artificial script. Overall, evidence was found to indicate that language learners transfer specific L1 orthographic processing skills to L2 logographic processing. Additionally, evidence was also found indicating that a bilingual history enhances cognitive performance in L2.

On innate and specific aspects of human language

Mixel Aurnague, Kepa Korta and Jesus M. Larrazabal (eds.)

Edward Sapir’s View About International Auxiliary Language

The search for common attributes of all languages is connected with the search for characteristics which differentiate languages. If some attributes cannot be found in every language, what is cause of this situation? Is it linked up with the origin of language or with users of the language?

Neurolinguistic measure of typological effects in multilingual transfer: introducing an ERP methodology

This article has two main objectives. First, we offer an introduction to the subfield of generative third language (L3) acquisition. Concerned primarily with modeling initial stages transfer of morphosyntax, one goal of this program is to show how initial stages L3 data make significant contributions toward a better understanding of how the mind represents language and how (cognitive) economy constrains acquisition processes more generally. Our second objective is to argue for and demonstrate how this subfield will benefit from a neuro/psycholinguistic methodological approach, such as event-related potential experiments, to complement the claims currently made on the basis of exclusively behavioral experiments. Palabras clave

The Deve­lop­ment of Leibniz’s Con­si­de­ra­tions in John Yench’s Pro­ject

The purpose of the article is to present John Yench’s a priori language as a continuation of Leibniz’s idea. Before I proceed to show the project of the Inter-Disciplinary International Reference Language, I would like to discuss the development of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s view on artificial languages. I will try to show the evolution of Leibniz’s universal language: from its ideal conception to a tool which formalizes the whole of human knowledge. Also, I will show Leibniz’s influence on further ideas of artificial language. I will compare his projects with Yench’s language – Idirl. An analysis of Idirl’s main assumptions will be useful to show the degree of continuation of Leibniz’s ideas in the a priori language of John Yench.

Uto­pia języka dosko­na­łego w euro­pej­skim kręgu kul­tu­ro­wym

Homo sapiens, gatu­nek nie­mal pod każ­dym wzglę­dem jed­no­rodny fizjo­lo­gicz­nie, pod­dany pra­wie jed­na­ko­wym pro­ce­som bio­lo­gicz­nym i spo­łecz­nym, o podob­nej ewo­lu­cyj­nej prze­szło­ści; gatu­nek, który poro­zu­miewa się tysią­cami róż­nych języ­ków. Ludzie są iden­tycz­nie zbu­do­wani, ale nie posłu­gują się jedną, uni­wer­salną mową. Korzy­ści, jakie wyni­ka­łyby ze wspól­nego, zro­zu­mia­łego dla każ­dego czło­wieka języka, są oczywiste. Tęsk­nota za takim języ­kiem jest obecna we wszyst­kich cywi­li­za­cjach. Wątek pomie­sza­nia języ­ków (The Con­fu­sion of Ton­gues), rekon­struk­cja i kon­struk­cja języka dosko­na­łego snuje się przez wszyst­kie kul­tury. W mito­lo­gii wie­lość języ­ków to nie­szczę­ście i sła­bość ludz­ko­ści. Sta­ro­żytni Per­so­wie wie­rzyli, iż wie­lo­ję­zyczny ród czło­wie­czy doczeka się w końcu wspól­nego języka w kró­le­stwie Ormuz­do­wym.

Assessing segmentation processes by click detection: online measure of statistical learning, or simple interference?

Statistical learning can be used to extract the words from continuous speech. Gómez, Bion, and Mehler (Language and Cognitive Processes, 26, 212–223, 2011) proposed an online measure of statistical learning: They superimposed auditory clicks on a continuous artificial speech stream made up of a random succession of trisyllabic nonwords. Participants were instructed to detect these clicks, which could be located either within or between words. The results showed that, over the length of exposure, reaction times (RTs) increased more for within-word than for between-word clicks. This result has been accounted for by means of statistical learning of the between-word boundaries. However, even though statistical learning occurs without an intention to learn, it nevertheless requires attentional resources. Therefore, this process could be affected by a concurrent task such as click detection. In the present study, we evaluated the extent to which the click detection task indeed reflects successful statistical learning. Our results suggest that the emergence of RT differences between within- and between-word click detection is neither systematic nor related to the successful segmentation of the artificial language. Therefore, instead of being an online measure of learning, the click detection task seems to interfere with the extraction of statistical regularities.

A noção de função em Frege

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

Prisiones textuales. Artificio y violencia enla poesía española del barroco

En busca de una nueva lengua artificial, Góngora trata de restituir con medios poéticos una similitud entre palabras y cosas. Así, en el soneto «Prisión del nácar era articulado¼ (1620), en el que artificio y violencia están correlacionados, la artificialidad de la misma descripción corresponde a lo artificial de la belleza descrita. Las técnicas gongorinas desempeñan aquí una función mimológica, por la cual el texto parece hacer visible y audible una violencia que desde siempre subyace en el elogio lírico de la dama. Su imagen «hiperpreciosa¼ debe su belleza sobresaliente a una constricción masculina. Este rasgo es reelaborado por otros poetas barrocos como Quevedo.

Prisiones textuales. Artificio y violencia enla poesía española del barroco

En busca de una nueva lengua artificial, Góngora trata de restituir con medios poéticos una similitud entre palabras y cosas. Así, en el soneto «Prisión del nácar era articulado¼ (1620), en el que artificio y violencia están correlacionados, la artificialidad de la misma descripción corresponde a lo artificial de la belleza descrita. Las técnicas gongorinas desempeñan aquí una función mimológica, por la cual el texto parece hacer visible y audible una violencia que desde siempre subyace en el elogio lírico de la dama. Su imagen «hiperpreciosa¼ debe su belleza sobresaliente a una constricción masculina. Este rasgo es reelaborado por otros poetas barrocos como Quevedo.

Prisiones textuales. Artificio y violencia enla poesía española del barroco

En busca de una nueva lengua artificial, Góngora trata de restituir con medios poéticos una similitud entre palabras y cosas. Así, en el soneto «Prisión del nácar era articulado¼ (1620), en el que artificio y violencia están correlacionados, la artificialidad de la misma descripción corresponde a lo artificial de la belleza descrita. Las técnicas gongorinas desempeñan aquí una función mimológica, por la cual el texto parece hacer visible y audible una violencia que desde siempre subyace en el elogio lírico de la dama. Su imagen «hiperpreciosa¼ debe su belleza sobresaliente a una constricción masculina. Este rasgo es reelaborado por otros poetas barrocos como Quevedo.

Diseño de una herramienta para la aplicación de técnicas de minería de textos

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el estudio, diseño e implementación de una herramienta software, con interfaz gráfica de usuario, que permita aplicar diversas técnicas de análisis de textos de forma simple. Las técnicas de análisis, que serán implementadas en la herramienta, extraerán información de textos escritos en un lenguaje humano, es decir un lenguaje no artificial, y se le presentará al usuario. La herramienta permite la obtención de tres tipos de información: categorías a las que pertenece un texto, dentro de un conjunto de categorías predeterminadas; grupos de textos que son similares entre sí; y la polaridad de opinión expresada en un texto hacia el tema u objeto del que trata, que puede ser neutra, positiva o negativa.---ABSTRACT---The aim of this work is to study, design and implement a software tool, with graphical user interface, which will enable a user to easily apply various text analysis techniques. The techniques implemented in the tool will extract information from texts written in natural language, i.e. a non artificial language, and will present it to the user. The tool will extract three different types of information about a given set of texts: their categories (from a predefined set of categories), groups of similar texts, the polarity of the attitude expressed in the texts towards their topic.

Artificial Equations, Artificial Distinctions: Language that Poisons the Waters of Ethnic Relations

“It is my contention at this point that when race relations on campuses get better, it is in spite of, not because of, the proliferation of jargon-based rhetoric about diversity.”

Report on Workshop on High Performance Computing and Communications for Grand Challenge Applications : computer vision, speech and natural language processing, and artificial intelligence /

Cover title.